Simulation of Electron Density Disturbance in the Lower Ionosphere Caused by Thundercloud Electrostatic Fields

In this study, we simulated the electron density disturbance at night in bottom of ionosphere caused by electrostatic field a thundercloud. The simulation was conducted using charge thundercloud as source, incorporating more up-to-date conductivity profile, and ion chemistry model for lower ionosphere. results revealed that 30–100 C can cause ionosphere, decreasing to 40% original value or increasing 160% value. occurs mainly below an altitude 80 km, its peak is located 70 with regional horizontal radius about 50–75 km. study improve theory Salem et al extend one-dimensional three-dimensional space.